Assalamualaikum wa Rahmatullah WA barkathu
Bismillah hirrahman nirraheem
Sawaal: Islam Me Auqat-E-Namaaz ke kya hkaam hain? Unko malum karne ka kya tareeqa hai? Aur kya Auqat maloom karne kel saaya zawaal manha kiya jayega ya shamil? Tafseel se aagah farmayein.
Al Jawaab: Allah Ta'ala ne har namaaz us ke apne waqt me farz ki hai. Jaisa ke Quran me hai:
"Bilas Namaaz Momino Par Waqt-e-Muqarrarah Me Farz Ki Gayi Hai.SurahNisa:-103.
Is Ayat-E-Kareema se baat waazeh hojati hai ke namaaz uske muqarrarah waqt me Adaa Karna Zaroori Hai. Ajmaali taur par Auqat-E-Namaaz ko is aayat me zikr kardiya gaya hai aur Quran-e-Hakeem me deegar muqamaat par awwal Wa aakhir waqt ki Ta'een ke Baghair Allah Ta'ala ne Auqat-E-Namaaz ko Bayan Kiya hai. Jaisa ke Irshad-e-Rabbani hai:
"Din ke dono siro me namaaz qayam karo aur raat ki ghadiyo me bhi".
Surah hood:-114.
Is Ayat-E-Kareema me طَرَفَيِ النَّھَارِ se muraad subah aur zuhar Wa asar ki namaz aur زُلَفًا مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ se Maghrib aur 'Ishaa ki namaz Murad hai.
Mar'aatal-Mafateeh:-271/2.
Ek maqaam par farmaaya:-
"Namaaz qayam karein sooraj dhalne se le kar raat ki taareeki tak aur Fajr ka Quran parhna bhi. Yaqeenan Fajr ke waqt ka Quran parhna haazir kiya gaya hai".
Surah bani israeel:-78.
Is aayat me لِدُلُوْكِ ke ma'ni zawaal-e-aaftaab aur غَسَقٍ ke ma'ni tareeki ke hain. Zawaal-e-aaftaab ke baad Zuhar Wa Asr ki namaaz aur raat ki tareeki tak se muraad Maghrib aur 'Ishaa ki namazein hain aur قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ se muraad Namaaz-E-Fajr hai.
Yahan Qurannamaaz ke ma'ni me hai,Is ko Quran se isliye ta'beer kiya gaya hai ke Fajr ki namaaz me farishte haazir hote hain, Ek maqaam par Irshad-E-Bari Ta'ala hai:-
"Pas tum subah wa shaam Allah ki tasbeeh kiya karo. Aasmano aur Zameeno me ta'reef usi ki hai. Teesre peher aur Zuhar ke waqt bhi (Us ki pakeezgi bayan karo)."
Surah room:-17,18.
Is Ayat-E-Kareema me bhi ba'az mufassireen ne tasbeeh se namaaz muraad li hai aur تُمْسُوْنَ me namaaz Zuhar muraad hai, Ek aur maqaam par Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya:-
"Sooraj nikalne se pehle aur guroob hone se pehle apne rabb ki hamd ke sath tasbeeh bayan karo aur raat ke mukhtalif waqto me bhi aur din ke hisso me bhi tasbeeh karte rahein. Bohot mumkin hai ke aap Razi hojayein"
Surah taha:-130.
Is Ayat me ba'az mufassireen ne tasbeeh se namaaz muraad li hai. Tuloo Shams se qabl Fajr, ghuroob se qabl Asr, raat ki ghadiyo se muraaad Maaghrib Wa Ishaa aur atraaf-alnahaar se muraad namaaz Zuhr li hai kyunke Zuhr ka waqt nahaar awwal ka aakhri taraf aur nahaar aakhir ka awwal taraf hai. Mazeed Dekhein
Mar'aat-Al-Mafateh:- 284/2.
In waazeh aayat me ajmaali taur par auqaat-e-namaaz ko bayan kiya gaya hai,Jab ke Rasool-e-Mukarram ﷺ ki kai ek Saheh hadees me namaazo ke auqaat ki ibtedaa wa intehaa ko mut'aiyyan kar diya gaya hai,
Fajr ki namaaz ka waqt tuloo Fajr se le kar tuloo aaftaab tak hai.
Zuhar ka waqt zawaal-e-aaftab se lekar ka har cheez us ke ek masal hone tak hai.
Asr ka waqt misl awwal se lekar do misl tak hai.
Maghrib ghuroob-e-aaftab se lekar shafq ke gayab hone tak hai.
Isha shafq ke gayab hone se nisf raat tak hai.
Hazrat Abdullah Bin Umar o Razi Allah Anhuma se riwayat hai ke Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya:-
"Zuhar ka waqt jab sooraj dhal jaye aur aadmi ka saaya us ki misl hojaye aur Asr ki namaaz ka waqt na ho aur Asr ka (Aakhri) waqt jab tak sooraj zard na hojaye aur Maghrib ka jab tak surkhi gayab na ho aur Ishaa ka waqt raat ke nisf tak aur subah ki namaaz ka waqt tuloo-e-fajr se tuloo-e-aaftab tak hai,J aaftaab nikalna shuroo hojaye to namaaz se ruk jaa kyunke woh shaytaan ke seengho ke darmyan tuloo hota hai".
Saheh muslim:-1388.
"Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya: "Be shak har namaaz ke liye ek ibtedaai waqt hai aur ek intehaai waqt hai, namaz ka ibtedaai waqt woh hai jab sooraj dhal jaye aur aakhri waqt (woh hai) jab namaaz-e-asr ka waqt shuroo ho,Namaz ka ibtedaai waqt wahi hai jab ke yeh (Zuhar ke ikhtetaam ke) waqt shuroo hota hai aur aakhri waqt jab sooraj zard hojaye,Maghrib ka ibtedaai waqt jab sooraj ghuroob hojaye aur aakhri waqt jab shafq gayab hojaye, 'Ishaa ka ibtedaai waqt jab shafq gayab hojaye aur aakhri waqt jab aadhi raat guzar jaye. Fajr ka pehla waqt jab Fajr tuloo ho aur us ka aakhri waqt jab sooraj tuloo ho,
Fajr ka ibtedaai waqt jab Fajr tuloo hojaye aur aakhri waqt jab sooraj tuloo hojaye.
Sunan tirmizi:-151.
Is ke alaawa bhi kayi ek Sahih Ahadees maujood hain jin se yeh baat waazeh ho jaati hain ke Fajr ka awwal waqt Fajr-e-Sadiq ke tuloo hone se le kar Tuloo-E-Aaftaab tak hai, Zuhar ka awwal waqt sooraj dhalne se le kar har cheez ka saaya us ke misal hojaane tak hai aur Asr ka awwal waqt ek misal saaye se le kar do misal tak hai jab sooraj zard pad jaaye. Maghrib ka waqt sooraj ghuroob hone se le kar shafq yaani shaam ki surkhi gaayab hone tak hai aur 'Ishaa ka waqt surkhi ke gayab hone se le kar nisf raat tak hai.
Ab raha yeh masla ke Zuhar ki namaaz ke liye misal awwal ki pehchaan ka tareeqa kya hai aur Zawaal ka saaya is me shaamil hai ya nahi? Is ke mutalliq Imam Ibn-E-Hazam Rahimahullah farmaate hain: "Jab aaftaab dhalna shuroo ho jaye to Namaaz-e-Zuhar ka awwal waqt shuroo hoj hai is se pehle Namaaz-E-Zuhar ki ibtedaa bilkul jaiz nahi aur na woh namaaz kifayat hi karti hai Phir Namaaz-E-Zuhar ka waqt har cheez ka saaya ek masal hone tak baaqi rehta hai. Is me woh asli saaya shumaar nahi ho ga jo Zawaal-E-Aaftaab ke waqt us cheez ka tha. Albatta us se jo zyadah ho ga woh shumaar hoga."
Al muhalla ibn hazam:-2/346.
Maulana Ismail Salafi Rahimahullah Farmaate Hain:-
"Sooraj ba'az ilaaqo me seedha sar ke upar se guzarta hai aur ba'aaz ilaaqo me kham kha kar guzarta hai, aur mausam ke lihaaz se bhi is ki raftaar me yeh farq zaahir hota hai. Garmi me woh sar ke qareeb se guzarta hai aur sardiyo me ek taraf zyadah kham khaa kar guzarta hai. In dono mausamo me saaya ka hisaab alag alag hota hai. Jin Mumalim se sooraj kham khaye baghair guzarta hai wahaa dopeher ke waqt jab sooraj sir par ho to har cheez ka saaya us ke qadmo me hota hai Zahir nahi hota. Is tarah garmi ke mausam me choonke sooraj sir ke qareeb hota hai. Is liye saaya kam hota hai kyunke sooraj ki raftaar me kham aur inehraaf ki wajah se kuch na kuch saaya eyen dopeher ke waqt bhi hota hai, Sardiyo me jaise kham badhta hai saaya bhi zyadah hota jata hai. Ise saaya-e-asli kaha jata hai. Zawaal ke ba'ad is me aur izaafa hota hai, Is liye misal ka hisaab karne ke waqt yeh saaya alag kar diya jayega. Ise Alaheda karne ke baad jo saaya hoga 1 misl ya do misl us se shumaar hoga."
Hashiya mishkat ul masabih:-1/414,415.
Zawaal ka saaya misl me shumaar nahi hoga. Yahi baat Imam Ibn-E-Taimiyah Rahimahullah ne "Fatawa (74/22)" me, Fiqah Hanafi ki kitaab "Hidayah (4/1)" me, Fiqah Shafa'i ki kitaab "Al-Majmoo (81/3)" me, Fiqah Hanbali ki kitaab "Alrooz Al-Marbe (42/1)" me maujood hai.
Algarz yeh baat Muttafiqun Alayh hai ke zawaal ka saaya nikal kar misl ki paimaish hogi.
Misl maloom karne ka tareeqa yeh hai ke kisi khuli aur hamwaar zameen me zawaal se pehle ek lakdi gaad di jaaye, us lakdi ka saaya aahista aahista kam hona shuroo ho 1jayega yahaa tak ke zawaal ke waqt kam se kam reh jayega. Is saaye ko maap liya jaye, jab yeh saaya badhna shuroo ho to woh is baat ki alaamat hoga ke zawaal hogaya hai.
Phir jab yeh saaya is qadar badh jaye ke lakdi ke barabar hoj (Zawaal ke waqt lakdi ka mapa hua saaya alag karne ke baad) to ek misl waqt ho jayega aur jab do gunah ho jaye to do misl ho jayega.
Ek tareeqa yeh bhi zikr kiya jaata hai ke dopeher ke waqt se pehle ek ya do baalisht zameen ki sateh hamwaar karke is par shumaalan junooban ek seedha khat kheench diya jaye. Qutub Numa (Compass) se us khat ki rehnumaayi li jaasakti hai, Phir us khat ke junoobi nuqta par ek seedhi lakdi gaad dein. Choonke dopeher se pehle ka waqt hoga lihaza us lakdi ka saaya aain us khat par nahi hoga balke us se Qadr-E-Maghrib ki janib maail hoga, Phir aahista aahista is khat par aana shuroo ho jayega hatta ke bilkul us khat par a jayega Us waqt us saaya ki intehaa par nishaan laga dein aur us saaya ko kisi aur lakdi se maap lein aur yeh paimana mehfooz karlein, yeh waqt eyen dopeher ka hoga. Is ke baad woh saaya mashriq ki taraf badhne lage ga. Yeh Zuhar ka awwal waqt hoga, hir us ke baad jab saaya badhta jayega to jis lakdi ke saath asal saaye ki paimaish ki thi us ke saath us ke asal saaye ke nishan se aage ek masal jab saaya ho jayega to woh Zuhar ka aakhri waqt hoga aur Asr ka awwal waqt.
Yeh tareeqa misl maloom karne ka hai. Is keliye kuch waqt nikal kar aap tajurba karein shamsi mahina ke hisaab se har maah agar ap tajurba karte rahenge to aap ke pass ek salaana jantri murattib ho jayegi. Asr haazir me mohkama maosamiyaat (Weather Department) ki jaanib se bhi kaafi sahooliyat hai aur murattib shudah jantriya bhi mil sakti hain jin me time ki sahih nishandahi hoti hai. Agar itmenaan na ho to aadmi khud tajurba karke misl awwal wa misl saani maloom kar sakta hai.
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